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Clean up small chips in paintwork with a scrap of coarse wet-and-dry paper, used dry. Work until you get on to good, firm paintwork around the chip.
Steel exposed to damp air begins to rust in minutes. If there is any rust on it when it is painted, the rust will spread under the paint.
Car makers treat their body shells before painting by spraying them with a form of phosphoric acid, which is then thoroughly rinsed off.
Most rust preventatives on sale have an acid base. There are two types: rust-removing fluids and rust-resistant primer paints.
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The acid used is usually phosphoric, but hydrochloric or tannic may also be used.
You apply the fluid, leave it to act for a certain time, wipe it off, then rinse carefully with clean water and dry thoroughly before priming and painting the treated area.
Some removers are in jelly form so that they do not drip on to sound paintwork, which would be damaged by the corrosive action of the acid.
If you do spill such a fluid on paint- work - or on anything else, including your skin - wash it off at once with plenty of water.
Rust-resistant primers have a less drastic action. The makers recommend that you remove most loose rust before using them. You apply the primer and allow a specified time for it to take effect.
Some kinds do not dry fully when applied to a non-rusty surface - you wipe off the excess and, if any bare metal is exposed, apply a normal primer.
Treating severe rusting
Use an electric drill fitted with a sanding disc or a flap wheel to cut away the surface rust. Take care not to go through good metal.
Treat deep or widespread rust with an acid rust-removing fluid. Read the maker's instructions before using it.
Clean off loose rust or paint with a wire brush or coarse emery cloth, or use an electric drill fitted with a sanding disc or flap wheel.
Wear protective goggles to guard your eyes against flying grit and dust. Wipe away grease and wax with a cloth moistened with white spirit.
Apply rust-removing fluid with a pain brush - do not let it splash onto good paint. If it does, wipe off immediately.
If there is any risk of rust-removing fluid dripping on to sound paint or other parts, cover these with plastic sheet.
Wear rubber gloves and work in a well-ventilated place.
Pour a little fluid into a glass or plastic jar. Apply it only to the rust area, with an old paintbrush. After a few minutes, work it into the metal with wire wool or a small wire brush. Leave it on for the recommended time, and wash it off with water or methylated spirit or wipe it away with a clean cloth, as instructed by the manufacturer
When the area is completely dry, apply primer paint and, if necessary, cellulose stopper to level the surface, as with smaller rust patches.
Treating small rust patches
Clean up small chips in paintwork with a scrap of coarse wet-and-dry paper, used dry. Work until you get on to good, firm paintwork around the chip.
Small shallow rust patches such as those caused by flying stones can be treated with rust-resistant primer.
Wipe the area and about an inch all round it with a cloth moistened with white spirit, to remove any way.
Scrape away all the loose paint and rub down the rusty area with a scrap of course wet-and-dry abrasive paper, used dry.
Rub down until you reach sound paint all round, but not beyond. Wipe away dust with a clean cloth.
Apply a rust-resistant primer with a small paint brush.
Brush on the primer, overlapping the sound paint by about 6mm all round. Let it dry.
If it is the type that does not dry on non-rusty areas, wipe off the surplus with a clean cloth moistened with methylated spirit.
When the primer is dry, use cellulose stopper to bring the area up to the level of the surrounding paintwork.
Bring the damaged area up to the level of the surrounding paint by smoothing on a thin layer of bare-metal cellulose stopper, using a flexible knife. Use a grey stopper for light paint, red for dark. Let it dry completely.
When the stopper has hardened, flatten it down with medium and fine grades of wet-and-dry, used wet.
Smooth the stopper with 400-grit wet-and-dry paper dipped in water so that it blends into the surrounding paint. When working on broad, flat areas, wrap the paper around a sanding block.
If you expose bare metal you need to prime it again.
